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Montiff
Information Page
on:
Pure
L-Citrulline
Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid which means
that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver. It is
involved in the synthesis of protein & the clearance of ammonia.
Each capsule contains:
600 mg of highest quality Pure
L-Citrulline.
-
Recommended for urea cycle
disorders.
-
Assists in promoting
nitric oxide, by converting to Arginine, which is important is
vascular health
See MONTIFF VASO-LENE for
preferable recommendation.
DIRECTIONS: 1-3 Capsules per day or
as recommended by a health care professional. PURE L-CITRULLINE
should be taken with vitamins and minerals and MONTIFF VITA-MINZ
PLUS is suggested.
DIRECTIONS: Take 3
capsules of Pure
L-Citrulline twice
daily along with 1 Capsule of Montiff Pure L-Arginine HCL twice
daily, (or as needed). Citrulline alone at 3 c.
twice
daily may be the preferred dosage in some
cases. Montiff Vaso-Lene (with Citrulline, Arginine as well as
Carnitine and Pine Bark Extract) may be substituted or combined
and taken 2 - 4 capsules daily. Take with full glass of water or
fruit juice. Do not take with milk or dairy products. Montiff
Vita-Minz Plus (1-2 capsules daily) is recommended for normal
metabolism. *Special consideration should be noted with patients
who have sepsis, septic or cytokine-induced shock, since they may
have excessive Nitric Oxide production. In addition, excessive NO
has been associated with malignant tumors, asthma, and migraines.
Montiff L-Carnosine supplementation is recommended with these
individuals (1 capsule per day). See L-Carnosine technical sheet
for further information.
WHAT
IS CITRULLINE?
Citrulline,
which is considered a non-essential amino acid synthesized in the
intestinal tract from Glutamine, converts to Arginine in the
endothelial cells. This biochemical process involves L-Aspartate
and the enzymes Argininosuccinate Synthetase and Argininosuccinate
Lyase, in the presence of ATP. Arginine is important for Nitric
Oxide production for cardiovascular health; however, most Arginine
is utilized in the liver and kidneys, and only a fraction is
available for this purpose. Since Citrulline is a precursor to
Arginine, it allows for increased and sustained Nitric Oxide
production in the endothelium for support of circulatory function.
Oral Citrulline supplementation provides a readily available
source of Citrulline for this purpose, and some recent research
further indicates that Citrulline may be the preferred source of
cellular Arginine. In addition Citrulline also increases energy,
stimulates the immune system, and is essential for Urea Cycle
function as well.
WHAT
IS NITRIC OXIDE (NO)?
Nitric
Oxide (NO), the endothelial relaxing factor (EDRF), is a small
molecule made from Arginine. It plays an essential role in the
regulation of vascular homeostasis, tone and blood pressure,
modulates cardiac contractility, and helps in preventing vessel
injury and Atherosclerosis. It is also an important free radical
scavenger, preventing oxidative stress (free radical damage) which
creates injury to endothelial cells. Citrulline converts to
Arginine in the vascular cells, thus increasing Nitric Oxide
production, which can help to restore endothelial cell function,
and also helps keep coronary arteries open that supply blood to
the heart. The role of Nitric Oxide and Arginine supplementation,
as well as the role of Citrulline in endothelial function has been
documented in medical studies.
-
Increasing NO by oral Arginine supplementation, has been
shown to lower blood
pressure, prevent platelet aggregation, increase the exercise
capacity in those with stable angina and reduce angina pain
in
other patients, as well as
increase blood flow responses in atherosclerotic subjects.
Recent studies also suggest that
damage from hypertension, high cholesterol and other coronary
heart disease factors, impairs the ability of the endothelium to
produce necessary Nitric Oxide.
-
When plaque
builds up, the blood supply to the endothelial cells gets blocked,
also preventing the production of Nitric Oxide. After many years
of plaque accumulation, Atherosclerosis occurs. Research from major universities
suggest that Arginine supplementation can begin to reverse this process
by helping to restore endothelial cells that have been damaged, and
increase their ability to make Nitric Oxide. Since most of Arginine is
utilized in the liver and kidneys, Citrulline supplementation is
beneficial in increasing the amount of Arginine that is available and
can be utilized by the endothelial cells for increased Nitric Oxide
production.
-
Even with those
who have had impaired vasodilatation, Citrulline and Arginine
supplementation has increased NO and helped to lower high blood pressure
and reduce cholesterol and LDL levels, It also improved brachial artery
FMV.
•
Citrulline and Arginine supplementation can also prevent damage to
endothelial cells in the arteries, veins and capillaries to insure a
healthy circulatory system. Antioxidants play an important role in
preventing free radical damage as well.
WHAT ARE THE
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS?
• The
éndothelial cells are absolutely critical to healthy arterial/venal
function. They surround the smooth muscle rings and expand the artery’s
diameter, effecting the blood carrying capacity.
• They
originate on the outside of the artery and weave through the walls
• These cells,
like all human cells, require oxygen and nutrients, and Arginine is
essential for their proper function.
•
Endothelial cells make Nitric Oxide (NO) from Arginine, which is
responsible for the endothelial relaxing factor (EDRF), and plays an
essential role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis.
•
Citrulline is important for increasing the Arginine available for Nitric
Oxide production.
OTHER
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
•
A healthy diet, low salt intake,
moderate exercise, reduction of weight in cases of obesity, and totally
refraining from smoking assists in promoting good cardiovascular health.
• Three Citrulline to 1 Arginine is a suggested
ratio; however this is not clearly defined, and the doctor may have to
evaluate the patient’s needs and progress to assess the best modality
for each individual.
• The ASI
(Arterial Stiffness Index) is recommended to help evaluate
cardiovascular risk. Monitoring blood and pulse pressure, brachial
artery index, as well as other clinical observations can help assess the
patient and note improvement.
REFERENCES:
• Fried,
Robert, PhD., and Merrill, Woodson, M.D., The Arpinine Solution.
1999.
• Panza, Julio
A, M.D., and Cannon Ill, Richard 0., M.D. edited by, Endothelium.
Nitric Oxide, and Atherosclerosis. 1999.
• Kitbatake, A,
M. D., Sakuma, I.
,
M.D. (Eds.),
Recent Advances in Nitric Oxide Research, 1999.
• Xie, L, Gross
SS, “Argininosuccinate Synthetase Overexpression in Vascular Smooth
Muscle Cells Potentiates lmmunotstimulantInduced NO Production”, J.
8101. Chem., June 1997.
• Cynober ,Luc
A. edited by, Amino Acid Metabolism and TheraDv in Health and
Nutritional Disease, 1995.
• Korbut,R.,
PhD.,Bieron, Krzysztof, Bieron, M.D., Gryglewski, M.D.,D.Sc.,
N.Copemicus Univ, School of Med,. “Eftect of L.’Arginine on
Plasminogen-Activator Inhibitor in Hypertensive Patients with
Hypercholesterolemia”, “New England J. of Med., Jan. 1993.
• Furchgott RF.,
“The Discovery of Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor and its Importance
in the Identification of Nitric Oxide”, J.
Am
Med. Assoc. 1996.
• Chowienczyk,
P.J., Watts, G.F., Cockcroft, J.R., Rifler, J.M., “Impaired
Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation of Forearm Resistance Vessels in
Hypercholesterolemia”, “The Lancer, 1992.
• Sacks, F.,
M.D, re: Reduction of Salt and Lowering Blood Pressure, N.E Joum.
Med., Jan., 2001.
• Thorne,
Mullen, Clarkson, et al. “Early End. Dysfunc. In Adults at Risk From
Atheroscl. Duff. Resp. to Arg.”, J.Am. Cal. Card., 1998.
• Boulanger CM:
“Secondary Endothelial Dysfunction, Hypertension and Heart Failure”,
J. Mo!. Cell Cardiology., 1999.
• Vogel, R.,
M.D., Benitz, M., M.D., ““Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiovasculaar
Risk: From Framingham to the Future”, Reviews in Cardiovascular
Medicine, Summer 2000.
• Xie, Hattori,
Tume, Gross, “The Preferred Source of Arginine for High Output NO
Synthesis in Blood Vessels”, Seminars in Perinatology, Feb. 2000.
Copyright 1/2001
Each capsule contains:
600 mg of highest quality Pure
L-Citrulline.
-
Recommended for urea cycle
disorders.
-
Assists in promoting
nitric oxide, by converting to Arginine, which is important is
vascular health
See MONTIFF VASO-LENE for
preferable recommendation.
DIRECTIONS: 1-3 Capsules per day or
as recommended by a health care professional. PURE L-CITRULLINE
should be taken with vitamins and minerals and MONTIFF VITA-MINZ
PLUS is suggested.
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